Free Day:
All Roads Lead to Christine
Well, Blog-o-weeners, we have been making some pretty good time, have we not? It’s only Day Eleven, and we are very nearly at the mid-way point in our journey through Christine. As much as I’d like us to forge on and put some more miles behind us, I think we should take a little break from drivin’, don’t you? Let’s get out of the car, stretch our legs, behold the scenery… and maybe… just maybe… check out…
That’s still a no, huh? Well, can’t fault a fellow for trying.
Regardless, let’s worry a little less about what’s around the next bend, and more about how we got here. Just how did Stephen King come to write this novel?
Before Ol’ Stevie enters the picture, however, I feel it would be remiss of me not to talk about other “autonomous autos” in the culture. King is far from the first person to give sentience to a moving vehicle, after all. Perhaps one or more of these stories lodged itself in his mind as a kid and reemerged, unbeknownst to him, years later?
[In his review of the film The Running Man for the September 1988 issue of The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction (and later collected in his book Harlan Ellison’s Watching), writer Harlan Ellison (natch) thought this was certainly the case with the film’s source material. According to Ellison, after King was outed in 1985 as being “Richard Bachman” (the author of five novels, including The Running Man), science fiction writer Robert Sheckley contacted Ellison and asked if he noticed any similarities between King’s book and his own 1958 short story “The Prizes of Peril.” Ellison said he saw a lot of similarities, but that Sheckley should first reach out to King and discuss it. He did, and King admitted that, as a voracious reader of science fiction’s a child, he had probably read Sheckley’s story. Sheckley accepted King’s explanations and the two men worked things out like the adults that they are.
[This “cribbing” of Sheckley’s story by King must certainly be chalked up to a phenomenon known as “cryptomnesia,” which occurs when a forgotten memory returns without it being recognized as such by the subject, who believes it is something new and original. It is a memory bias whereby a person may falsely recall generating a thought, an idea, a tune, a name, or a joke. They are not deliberately engaging in plagiarism, but are experiencing a memory as if it were a new inspiration.
[(Unlike what I did in the above paragraph, which was straight-up plagiarism from Wikipedia.)
[For more on cryptomnesia and plagiarism and so-called “originality,” I wholeheartedly recommend Johnathan Lethem’s 2007 essay from Harper’s Magazine, “The Ecstasy of Influence.”]
So what previous tales could have possibly primed King’s imagination, preparing it to unleash Christine on the world?
Isaac Asimov had a short story called “Sally” published in the May-June 1953 issue of Fantastic. The story takes place in 2057 at a time when the only cars allowed on the road are those with positronic robotic brains. As time passes, some of these “smart” cars age out and are retired to farm to live out the rest of their days. They communicate by slamming their doors, honking their horns, and revving their engines. The story ends with the main character — Jeff, the man who runs the farm — coming to the conclusion that the human race is doomed if the cars ever realize that they are actually slaves.
The Twilight Zone also dealt with sentient cars. (Of course it did!) The season five episode “You Drive” (written by Earl Hamner, Jr. — the creator of The Waltons) concerns a fellow named Oliver Pope who hits and kills a kid with his car. Instead of staying at the scene and taking responsibility, Pope hightails it home. Later, a co-worker of Pope’s is accused. What luck! It’s the same guy trying to take Pope’s position at the office. Looks like ol’ Ollie is in the clear. No one knows his involvement in the accident. No one, that is, except his Ford Fairlane. Seems that Pope’s car is a more conscientious citizen than he is.
Perhaps the most famous pre-Christine example of the “killer car” sub-genre isn’t a car at all. Written by Theodore Sturgeon, “Killdozer” originally appeared in the November 1944 issue of Astounding Science Fiction. The story takes place during World War II on a small island in the Pacific. There, a group of men are building an airstrip with the use of a large bulldozer one of the men has nicknamed “Daisy-Etta.” The men accidentally break open the resting place of an ancient alien power (natch). This alien force wakes up on the wrong side of its rock and possesses Daisy-Etta turning her into… KILLDOZER!
“Killdozer” was one of Sturgeon’s most popular stories. It later spawned a 1974 made-for-TV movie starring Clint Walker, an April 1974 issue of the Marvel Comics’ Worlds Unknown, and, in 1983, the greatest dirge-rock band of all time.
There are numerous more examples in popular culture of cars coming to life. You got The Love Bug, Knightrider, Speed Buggy, and (my personal favorite) My Mother the Car. But how does King fit into all of this? On what imaginative assembly line was Christine manufactured?
(I mean, I’d like to believe that he took one look at Jerry Van Dyke’s performance in My Mother the Car and Christine appeared fully grown like Athena from the forehead of Zeus, but…)
The original seed (or bolt if we want to keep our metaphors in line) came courtesy of the car that King owned in 1978 — a Ford Pinto. (That same car would be used in another King novel — Cujo.) In Bev Vincent’s Stephen King: His Life, Work, and Influences, King states:
“One night as I was turning into my driveway, I saw the odometer numbers on my car turn from 9999.9 to 10,000. I found myself wondering if there might not be a story in an odometer that ran backward… The kicker would be that, when the odometer returned to zero, the car, at the height of its beauty, would spontaneously fall into component parts…“[T]he whole thing started out to be sort of a joke. It was like Happy Days gone mad: boy gets car, boy loses car, boy finds car. I thought it was hilarious until the kid started to run people down. Because some stories get out of control and they are like the car itself: They start to run by themselves and they don’t always turn out the way you think they are going to turn out.” (92)
What he thought would be a comical short story à la American Graffiti turned into a five hundred page novel about the dissolution of friendship and the return of the (undead) past. As with many King creations in the 1980s, one suspects that what is missing is a strong editor, someone who can say the one word that every over-rambunctious artist needs to hear from time to time: No. King’s well-documented battles with drugs and alcohol may have played their part, as well.
As long and meandering as Christine might be, I think King captures the very American relationship between teens and cars. We’ve touched on this association in our previous “Free Day,” but it bears repeating how specific Arnie’s love for Christine is to American culture in the post-war period. In Albert Rolls’s Stephen King: A Biography, King is quoted as saying:
“I guess you’d say it’s a monster story. But it’s also a story about cars and girls and guys and how cars become girls in America. It’s an American phenomenon in that sense. Christine is a freeway horror story. It couldn’t exist without a teenage culture that views the car as an integral part of that step from adolescence to adulthood. The car is the way that journey is made.” (63)
One wonders if that is still the case. I don’t get the sense from my son that the car is as necessary a stage in the modern American teenagers’ burgeoning adulthood. Judging from the evidence of the internal combustion engine’s part in the climate crisis, perhaps that’s just as well?
Okay, okay… enough of all that. The car might not be important to the kids out there, but around here we like nothing better than getting behind the wheel and tearing up the asphalt on our way to who-knows-where. Sure, there are safer, more environmentally friendly modes of transportation, but no one I know has lost their virginity on the back of an electric scooter while at the drive-in.
Speaking of… tomorrow we take a trip out to Libertyville’s Lover’s Lane. Arnie and Leigh are gettin’ a little frisky in Christine’s front seat. So read Part 2: Chapters 23, 24, & 25 to find out just what base Arnie reaches with Leigh before Christine calls him out.
You know… I’m rather shocked at all the negative reviews of Christine that I’ve found during my research. Sure, it’s a little unwieldy at times, but I’m having a pretty good time reading it. Let’s face it, critics at the time had their knives out when it came to Stephen King. Don’t let the bad write-ups keep you from enjoying the book. But don’t ignore the critics just because they dump on something you like. Remember…










































